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Insulin decreases circulating vitamin E levels in humans

A Q Galvan1, E Muscelli, C Catalano

  • 1Metabolism Unit, National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.

Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Physiologic hyperinsulinemia acutely depletes vitamin E, a key antioxidant, in circulating lipids. This occurs regardless of insulin resistance and may indicate vitamin E transfer or a pro-oxidant effect of insulin.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Hyperinsulinemia and free oxygen radicals are implicated in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • The relationship between insulin action and oxidant/antioxidant balance remains unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on plasma vitamin E concentrations.
  • To determine if insulin's effect on vitamin E is related to insulin sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Isoglycemic clamps were performed in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients, hypertensive patients, obese individuals, and healthy subjects.
  • Plasma vitamin E, lipid levels, and insulin sensitivity were measured before and after insulin or saline infusion.
  • Vitamin E concentrations were analyzed, adjusting for total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels.

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Main Results:

  • Fasting plasma vitamin E concentrations were similar across all groups.
  • Insulin infusion caused a consistent 12% decrement in plasma vitamin E across all subjects, irrespective of insulin sensitivity.
  • This insulin-induced vitamin E depletion persisted even after correcting for cholesterol and LDL levels.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin infusion acutely depletes circulating vitamin E in lipids, independent of insulin resistance.
  • This effect might represent a mechanism for vitamin E transfer into cell membranes.
  • Alternatively, the findings suggest a potential pro-oxidant action of insulin in vivo.