Flow velocity of single lymphatic capillaries in human skin

The purpose of this study was to investigate the previously unknown flow velocity in single lymphatic capillaries of humans in the supine position. Fifteen healthy subjects (10 women and 5 men; mean age 35.8 +/- 13.1 yr) were studied. Ten microliters of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (150,000 mol wt) were injected into the subepidermal layer of the foot dorsum. The filling of the microlymphatics from the resulting depot was visualized by fluorescence video microscopy and stored on videotape. Flow velocity in the microlymphatics was determined on the video screen by direct measurement of the advancement of dyed lymph during a given time. The following median velocities were obtained: 0.51 mm/s (0.27 and 0.61 mm/s for lower and upper quartiles, respectively) for velocity during initial network filling and 9.7 microns/s (6.9 and 14.2 microns/s for lower and upper quartiles, respectively) for resting velocity at the end of the filling period. Mean lymphatic capillary diameter was 54.8 +/- 8.2 microns, and mean network extension was 8.3 +/- 3.2 mm. The high filling velocities are probably due to increased interstitial pressure and volume caused by dye microinjection, whereas the values measured during the end of network filling seem to approach resting flow velocities.