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Related Experiment Videos

Selection against transposable elements in D. simulans and D. melanogaster

C Vieira1, C Biémont

  • 1Laboratoire de Biométrie. Générique, Biologie des populations. UMR CNRS 5558, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.

Genetical Research
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Transposable elements (TEs) like copia, mdg1, 412, and gypsy show varied insertion patterns in Drosophila populations. The 412 element

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences found in genomes.
  • Their distribution and copy number can be influenced by various evolutionary forces.
  • Understanding TE dynamics is crucial for comprehending genome evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the insertion site distribution of specific transposable elements (TEs) in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.
  • To compare the abundance and chromosomal location of these TEs between the two species.
  • To infer the role of selection in regulating TE copy number and distribution.

Main Methods:

  • In situ hybridization was employed to determine the insertion site numbers of copia, mdg1, 412, and gypsy transposable elements.

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  • Analysis focused on natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans.
  • Insertion site frequencies were analyzed in both diploid and haploid genomes, with particular attention to the X chromosome.

    • Main Results:

    • In Drosophila melanogaster, copia, mdg1, and 412 elements exhibited numerous scattered insertion sites across chromosomes.
    • In Drosophila simulans, only the 412 element showed a high number of insertions, but this number was lower than in D. melanogaster.
    • The proportion of 412 insertions on the X chromosome was lower in D. simulans (0.090 diploid, 0.102 haploid) compared to D. melanogaster (0.137 diploid, 0.146 haploid), and both were below the expected 0.20 under neutral conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • Selection plays a significant role in regulating the copy number of the 412 transposable element in Drosophila.
    • The strength of this selection appears to be greater in Drosophila simulans than in Drosophila melanogaster.
    • Differential selection pressures may explain the observed variations in TE distribution between these closely related species.