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Related Experiment Videos

False positive modified Widal test in acute malaria

K N Jhaveri1, S K Nandwani, P K Mehta

  • 1Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Majura Gate, Surat.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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The modified Widal test showed positive results in some malaria patients, indicating potential cross-reactivity. These positive Widal titers in malaria cases typically resolved within four weeks.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • The Widal test detects antibodies for enteric fever, but its specificity can be affected by other infections.
  • Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a prevalent infectious disease with potential immunological cross-reactivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of the modified Widal test in patients with acute malaria.
  • To investigate the prevalence and duration of positive Widal titers in malaria patients.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Widal test was performed on 96 patients with acute malaria (complicated P.falciparum, uncomplicated P.falciparum, and P.vivax) and 25 healthy controls.
  • Salmonella 'O' and 'H' antibody titers were measured.
  • Follow-up testing was conducted over four weeks for positive cases.

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Main Results:

  • The modified Widal test was positive in 14.58% for Salmonella 'O' antibodies and 10.41% for Salmonella 'H' antibodies among malaria patients.
  • Most positive Widal tests in malaria patients became negative within four weeks of follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • The modified Widal test can yield false-positive results in malaria patients due to non-specific immune responses.
  • Malaria may cause polyclonal B lymphocyte stimulation, leading to transient, cross-reactive antibodies detected by the Widal test.
  • The Widal test should be interpreted cautiously in malaria-endemic areas to avoid misdiagnosis of enteric fever.