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Related Experiment Videos

Androgen biosynthesis and secretion in developing Xenopus laevis

L Kang1, M Marin, D Kelley

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Androgen levels in Xenopus laevis frogs do not show significant sex differences until late juvenile stages, suggesting that while androgens are necessary, they are insufficient for vocal neuroeffector masculinization.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Masculinization of vocal neuroeffectors in Xenopus laevis is influenced by androgens.
  • Castration or anti-androgen treatment blocks masculinization, while exogenous androgens or testicular transplants promote it.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between androgen secretion and vocal neuroeffector masculinization in Xenopus laevis.
  • To determine when sex differences in androgen levels emerge during development.

Main Methods:

  • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) in adult, juvenile, and tadpole stages.
  • Histochemistry for delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) was employed to identify steroidogenic tissues.
  • In vitro incubation with radioactive precursors and thin-layer chromatography were used to analyze steroid metabolism.

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Main Results:

  • Significant sex differences in testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels emerge at late juvenile stages (PM4-PM5), with males having higher levels.
  • Seasonal variations in androgen levels were observed in adults and late juveniles, with higher levels in summer.
  • Androgens are detectable in tadpole tissues from stage 47, and steroidogenic activity is present in gonads and interrenals from early development, with interrenals being more active in tadpoles.

Conclusions:

  • Androgen secretion is necessary but not sufficient for the masculinization of vocal neuroeffectors in Xenopus laevis.
  • The lack of significant sex differences in androgen levels during early development suggests other factors are involved in masculinization.