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Left ventricular function during exercise in athletes and in sedentary men

V Di Bello1, G Santoro, L Talarico

  • 1Institute of Clinical Medicine II, University of Pisa, Italy.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|February 1, 1996
PubMed
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Elite runners exhibit superior left ventricular function during exercise compared to sedentary individuals. Training enhances cardiac output and oxygen uptake, demonstrating significant cardiovascular adaptations.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Athletic training induces significant cardiovascular adaptations.
  • Understanding exercise-induced changes in left ventricular function is crucial for performance assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare left ventricular function during exercise in elite male runners versus sedentary males.
  • To investigate the impact of training on cardiac output and diastolic function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized echo-Doppler to measure left ventricular volumes (EDV, ESV), ejection fraction (EF), and diastolic parameters (peak E, m-TVI, m-CSA, SV, CO).
  • Simultaneously assessed maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) at rest, submaximal exercise, peak exercise, and recovery.
  • Compared measurements between 10 elite male runners and 10 sedentary males.

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Main Results:

  • Elite athletes demonstrated a significant increase in EF at peak exercise, attributed to the Frank-Starling mechanism.
  • Stroke volume and cardiac output were significantly elevated in athletes during peak exercise.
  • Athletes exhibited superior left ventricular diastolic function, evidenced by higher peak E, enhancing early diastolic filling.

Conclusions:

  • Elite runners display enhanced cardiovascular adjustments due to training, enabling higher peak power output, cardiac output, and VO2max.
  • Training significantly improves left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during exercise.
  • These adaptations highlight the profound impact of endurance training on cardiovascular performance.