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Alcohol consumption and heart failure in hypertensives
1Department of Medicine, Ogun State University and Teaching Hospital, Shagamu, Nigeria.
Insights
Heavy alcohol consumption significantly contributes to heart failure in hypertensive patients. This study found a strong association between excessive drinking and the development of heart failure among individuals with hypertension.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Internal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Hypertension is a prevalent condition, often coexisting with other cardiovascular issues.
- The role of lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption, in the progression of hypertension and development of heart failure requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess alcohol consumption patterns in hypertensive patients with and without heart failure.
- To determine the association between heavy alcohol intake and the incidence of heart failure in this population.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 60 hypertensive patients (30 with heart failure, 30 without), matched for age and sex.
- Assessment of alcohol consumption habits, including quantity and duration.
- Comparison of alcohol intake between the heart failure and non-heart failure groups.
Main Results:
- Heavy alcohol consumption was significantly more prevalent in the heart failure group (75%) compared to the non-heart failure group (18.2%).
- Nine patients (30%) in the heart failure group and two (6.7%) in the non-heart failure group consumed >= 80g of alcohol daily for at least 3 years (P < 0.02).
- The odds ratio for heavy alcohol consumption was 5.9, suggesting a strong link to heart failure.
Conclusions:
- Heavy alcohol consumption is a significant contributing factor to heart failure in hypertensive patients.
- Findings highlight the importance of screening for and addressing heavy alcohol use in managing hypertension and preventing heart failure.
Abstract:
Sixty hypertensives (30 with and 30 without heart failure, matched for age and sex) were studied and their alcohol consumption and its possible role in heart failure were assessed. The majority in each group belonged to the low socioeconomic class. On presentation, the mean systolic blood pressures were 176.7 +/- 29.7 and 198.8 +/- 29.8 mmHg and diastolic blood pressures 118 +/- 15 and 118.5 +/- 13.6 mmHg, respectively. In those known to be hypertensive before presentation to our unit, hypertension was first detected 4.88 +/- 3.8 and 4.40 +/- 3.3 years earlier in the heart failure and non-heart failure groups, respectively. Drug compliance was similarly poor in the two groups. Of all 12 drinkers in heart failure, 75% drank heavily, while only 18.2% (two of 11) of the non-heart failure drinkers drank heavily. Nine (30%) and two (6.7%) of the heart failure and the non-heart failure groups, respectively, took > or = 80 g of alcohol daily for at least 3 years (P < 0.02). Significantly more of the heart failure group were thiamine deficient, although the deficiency could not be directly attributed to alcohol. The odds ratio for heavy and moderate alcohol consumption was 5.9 and 0.9, respectively. Thus it is suggested that heavy alcohol consumption appears to be a major contributory factor to heart failure in these patients.
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