Fuzzy logic control of inspired isoflurane and oxygen concentrations using minimal flow anaesthesia

In order to evaluate the performance of feedback fuzzy logic control of inspired oxygen and isoflurane concentrations, we studied 30 patients undergoing discectomy for lumbar (n = 26) or cervical (n = 4) disc herniation. Patients were allocated random to one of two groups: a standard group (n = 15) with low flow anaesthesia (1.2-1.3 litre min-1) and manual control of gas concentrations; and a fuzzy group (n = 15) with minimal flow (0.5 litre min-1) and fuzzy logic feedback control of gas concentrations. Fuzzy logic control achieved and maintained very accurately the desired isoflurane concentration. Oxygen concentration was controlled more precisely than in the standard group. Delivery and costs of oxygen and nitrous oxide were significantly lower in the fuzzy group (P < 0.01). Accumulation of foreign gases was observed in one patient during low flow and in 11 patients during minimal flow anaesthesia. In conclusion, fuzzy logic control of inspired oxygen and isoflurane concentration during minimal flow anaesthesia was reliable and reduced anaesthetic gas delivery and costs.