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[Drought and malaria decrease in the Niayes area of Senegal]

O Faye1, O Gaye, D Fontenille

  • 1Département de biologie animale, Faculté des sciences et techniques, UCAD, Dakar, Sénégal.

Sante (Montrouge, France)
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Drought and human activities in the Niayes region have significantly reduced malaria transmission by altering mosquito vector populations. This has led to a decrease in malaria endemicity, though epidemic risk persists.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Medical Entomology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • The Niayes region, Senegal, characterized by sand dunes and wet depressions, has experienced severe drought since 1970, with rainfall dropping significantly below historical averages.
  • Vegetation changes and increased cultivation in depressions have occurred concurrently with environmental shifts.
  • Malaria studies were conducted in 1991-1992, comparing data with 1967-1968 to assess changes in malaria transmission dynamics.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental changes, specifically drought and human activities, on malaria transmission in the Niayes region.
  • To analyze shifts in the populations of key malaria vectors, Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae complex species.
  • To evaluate the resulting changes in malaria endemicity, including parasitic indices and clinical case incidence.

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Summary:

  • The predominant malaria vector, Anopheles funestus, has nearly disappeared.
  • Anopheles gambiae populations have declined, with a shift towards the less competent vector, Anopheles arabiensis.
  • Malaria transmission has decreased, evidenced by a sharp decline in the children's parasitic index (from 40-80% to ≤10%) and clinical cases (4% in 1992).

Impact:

  • Environmental modifications due to drought and human activities have substantially reduced malaria endemicity in the Niayes.
  • Despite the decrease, the potential for malaria epidemics remains, necessitating ongoing surveillance.
  • Findings highlight the intricate relationship between environmental factors, vector ecology, and malaria epidemiology in West Africa.