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Recurrent wheezing in very preterm infants

D E Elder1, R Hagan, S F Evans

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Wellington Clinical School of Medicine, New Zealand.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Recurrent wheezing is common in very preterm infants, affecting 14.5%. Key risk factors include parental asthma history, maternal smoking, and neonatal lung injury from prematurity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Wheezing respiratory illnesses are a significant concern in infancy.
  • Understanding risk factors for recurrent wheezing is crucial for early intervention, especially in vulnerable populations like preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of recurrent wheezing requiring bronchodilator treatment in the first year of life.
  • To identify specific risk factors associated with recurrent wheezing in very preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study of very preterm infants (< 33 weeks gestation) and a comparison group of term newborns.
  • Collection of parental history and neonatal data, including maternal smoking, siblings, breastfeeding, and respiratory symptoms.
  • Assessment at 12 months of age for recurrent wheezing and related factors.

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Main Results:

  • The incidence of recurrent wheezing was significantly higher in very preterm infants (14.5%) compared to term infants (3%).
  • Identified risk factors in very preterm infants included parental asthma history, maternal smoking, presence of siblings at home, and neonatal oxygen supplementation at 28, 36, and 40 weeks gestation.
  • Neonatal lung injury and degree of prematurity were implicated as contributing factors.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent wheezing is a common condition among very preterm infants.
  • Risk factors are largely consistent with those in term infants but are compounded by prematurity and potential neonatal lung injury.
  • These findings highlight the need for targeted respiratory support and monitoring in very preterm infants.