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[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]

T Ishida1, M Arita, N Fujimori

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan.

Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a fatal early complication following bone marrow transplant (BMT). This case highlights DAH as a significant risk in BMT patients, even in Japan.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a critical treatment for hematologic malignancies.
  • Conditioning regimens, including total body irradiation and chemotherapy, precede BMT.
  • Patients undergoing BMT are susceptible to various complications.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old woman developed hemoptysis and dyspnea 11 days post-BMT.
  • Chest imaging revealed bilateral diffuse infiltrates.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed bloody fluid, leading to a Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage (DAH) diagnosis.

Findings:

  • DAH is a severe pulmonary complication with high mortality post-BMT.
  • The patient experienced progressive respiratory failure despite intensive medical support.

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  • The case underscores the rapid and fatal course of DAH.

    • Implications:

    • DAH represents a critical early pulmonary complication of BMT.
    • Increased awareness and early diagnosis of DAH are crucial for BMT patients.
    • This highlights the need for vigilance regarding DAH in Japan and globally.