Global distribution and continuing spread of Aedes albopictus

Area of Science:

• Medical entomology
• Public health
• Infectious disease epidemiology

Background:

• Aedes albopictus is a primary vector for dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), threatening 2 billion people.
• This mosquito's adaptability to diverse urban and peri-rural habitats drives its rapid global expansion.
• Its spread is facilitated by the transport of eggs via international trade, especially in used tires.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the global spread of Aedes albopictus, focusing on its implications for Europe.
• To identify mechanisms contributing to the mosquito's dissemination.
• To propose strategies for mitigating the global spread of Aedes albopictus.

Main Methods:

• Review of Aedes albopictus's biological characteristics and dispersal patterns.
• Analysis of its role as a vector for arboviruses.
• Examination of its introduction pathways into new regions, including Europe.

Main Results:

• Aedes albopictus has established populations across continents despite limited flight range, primarily through egg transport in used tires.
• The mosquito's biological traits support its probable spread within Europe.
• Introduction of infected travelers returning from endemic areas poses a risk for local arbovirus transmission by Aedes albopictus.

Conclusions:

• Aedes albopictus poses a significant and increasing threat due to its efficient global dispersal.
• Effective control strategies are crucial to prevent the establishment and spread of this vector in new regions, particularly Europe.
• International cooperation and targeted interventions are necessary to manage the global spread of Aedes albopictus and associated diseases.