Primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma resembling multiple lymphomatous polyposis

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Oncology
• Hematology

Background:

• Primary gastrointestinal lymphomas are rare, with T-cell lymphomas being particularly uncommon.
• This case presents a unique manifestation of T-cell lymphoma within the digestive tract.

Observation:

• Radiographic and endoscopic examinations revealed multiple polypoid lesions in the stomach and intestine, and aphthoid lesions in the colorectum.
• Histopathology identified small, atypical lymphoid cells consistent with low-grade pleomorphic lymphoma.
• Immunohistochemistry and PCR studies characterized the tumor cells.

Findings:

• The lymphoma cells expressed CD3, CD4, T-cell receptor gamma gene, and human mucosal lymphocyte 1 antigen.
• This phenotype suggests derivation from intraepithelial T lymphocytes.
• The morphology resembled multiple lymphomatous polyposis, a novel presentation.

Implications:

• This is the first reported case of primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma expressing human mucosal lymphocyte 1 antigen.
• The findings expand the understanding of T-cell lymphoma heterogeneity in the gastrointestinal tract.
• This case highlights the importance of comprehensive diagnostic studies for rare gastrointestinal malignancies.