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Canine red blood cell transfusion practice

M B Callan1, D A Oakley, F S Shofer

  • 1Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study reviewed 307 dogs receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. While most dogs survived, higher post-transfusion packed cell volume (PCV) in hemorrhage cases correlated with survival, and adverse events were rare.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are vital in veterinary medicine for treating anemia.
  • Understanding transfusion outcomes and adverse events is crucial for improving patient care.
  • Common indications for RBC transfusions include hemorrhage, hemolysis, and ineffective erythropoiesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the outcomes of red blood cell transfusions in a large cohort of dogs.
  • To identify factors influencing survival following transfusion.
  • To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse events associated with RBC transfusions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 307 dogs receiving 658 units of RBCs (packed red blood cells and whole blood).
  • Analysis of transfusion indications (hemorrhage, hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis).

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  • Comparison of pre- and post-transfusion packed cell volume (PCV) and survival rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Hemorrhage was the most common reason for transfusion (n=222).
    • Dogs with hemolysis had significantly lower pre-transfusion PCV and received greater volumes of packed red blood cells.
    • Survival rate was 61%; while cause of anemia and pre-transfusion PCV did not impact survival, higher adjusted post-transfusion PCV in hemorrhage cases was linked to survival.
    • Adverse events occurred in 3.3% of dogs and were mild and self-limiting.

    Conclusions:

    • Red blood cell transfusions are generally safe and effective in dogs.
    • Higher post-transfusion PCV may be a significant indicator of survival in dogs with hemorrhage.
    • Further research could explore optimal transfusion strategies for specific anemic conditions in dogs.