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Leukocyte glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) as prognostic indicator in children with acute lymphocytic
G S Devi1, M H Prasad, P P Reddy
1Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, India.
Insights
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity is often decreased in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients. Leukocyte G6PD levels and karyotype may serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators for ALL.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a significant hematologic malignancy.
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a crucial enzyme in red blood cell metabolism.
- The role of G6PD activity in ALL pathogenesis and prognosis requires further elucidation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate G6PD enzyme activity in patients diagnosed with ALL before initiating therapy.
- To explore the correlation between leukocyte G6PD levels, myelocyte percentage, and patient karyotype.
- To assess the potential of G6PD activity as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ALL.
Main Methods:
- G6PD activity was measured in leukocytes of 37 ALL patients prior to treatment.
- Statistical analysis was performed to correlate G6PD levels with myelocyte percentage and cytogenetic data (karyotype).
- Prognostic significance was evaluated based on G6PD activity and karyotype status.
Main Results:
- Significantly decreased G6PD activity was observed in 78.37% of ALL patients.
- G6PD variation correlated with the percentage of myelocytes.
- A strong correlation was found between G6PD activity, karyotype, and patient prognosis: normal G6PD/normal karyotype indicated good prognosis, while abnormal G6PD/abnormal karyotype suggested poor prognosis. Intermediate prognoses were observed in mixed cases.
Conclusions:
- Leukocyte G6PD activity is frequently diminished in patients with ALL.
- G6PD levels, in conjunction with karyotype analysis, demonstrate potential as valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools for acute lymphocytic leukemia.
- Further research is warranted to explore the precise mechanisms underlying G6PD alterations in ALL.
Abstract:
G6PD activity, estimated in 37 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) prior to therapy was found to be significantly decreased in 78.37% of the patients with ALL while it was normal in other patients. Variation in G6PD was found to be dependent on the percentage of myelocytes. Correlation analysis of leukocyte G6PD activity with karyotype indicated that patients with normal karyotype with normal G6PD activity had good prognosis while those with abnormal G6PD with abnormal karyotype had poor prognosis. Subjects with normal karyotype and abnormal G6PD and vice versa had intermediate prognosis. Thus the results clearly indicate that leukocyte G6PD may be used as a diagnostic and prognostic tool.