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Glutamate, GABA and epilepsy

H F Bradford1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London, U.K.

Progress in Neurobiology
|December 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Animal models, particularly kindling, reveal glutamate and GABA

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Epileptology
  • Neurochemistry

Background:

  • Epilepsy research relies on animal models to understand human conditions.
  • The kindling model, especially in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus system, is crucial for studying complex-partial seizures.
  • Neurotransmitters like glutamate and GABA play a significant role in epileptic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the utility of animal models for epilepsy research.
  • To detail the role of glutamate and GABA in the kindling model.
  • To analyze the involvement of NMDA receptors in seizure generation and spread.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal models of epilepsy.
  • Analysis of studies using microdialysis and brain slices to measure neurotransmitter release.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of experiments involving chemical kindling and NMDA receptor antagonists.

    • Main Results:

    • Glutamate and GABA are centrally involved in the kindling process.
    • NMDA receptor activation, influenced by extracellular glutamate, is a common mechanism in both electrical and chemical kindling.
    • NMDA receptors are implicated in the chronic epileptic state's hyperactivity and seizure generation.

    Conclusions:

    • Animal models, especially kindling, provide valuable insights into human epilepsy.
    • Glutamatergic neurotransmission, particularly via NMDA receptors, is a key target for understanding and potentially treating epilepsy.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of glutamate in seizure initiation and spread.