[Biomaterials in plastic and maxillofacial surgery]

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials science
• Orthopedic surgery
• Tissue engineering

Context:

• Recent progress in biomaterials has focused on osteosynthesis, bone and soft tissue reconstruction, and medical adhesives.
• Pure medical titanium (T40) is suitable for low-constraint osteosynthesis (e.g., face, hand), with potential improvements via reheating for ductility.
• Cermets offer excellent biocompatibility and bone-implant integration for epithesis supports.

Purpose:

• To review recent advancements in biomaterials for orthopedic and reconstructive surgery.
• To evaluate the suitability of various biomaterials, including titanium, ceramics, polymers, and biological glues.
• To identify promising materials and future research directions in the field.

Summary:

• Titanium T40 is effective for low-stress bone fixation, with reheated versions offering enhanced ductility. Cermets provide superior biocompatibility and bone integration.
• Ceramics and coral are safe for filling bone defects in low-constraint scenarios. Cost-effectiveness is a consideration when selecting from available products.
• While collagen-based composites show promise for soft tissue reconstruction, long-term data is limited. Fluorinated polymers have a proven track record, and research into non-living biological glues is ongoing.

Impact:

• Improved biomaterials are enhancing surgical outcomes in osteosynthesis and tissue reconstruction.
• The development of cost-effective and biocompatible materials is crucial for widespread clinical adoption.
• Continued research into novel biomaterials, including composites and biological glues, holds significant potential for future medical applications.