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Related Experiment Videos

Does screening by "Pap" smears help prevent cervical cancer? A case-control study

E A Clarke, T W Anderson

    Lancet (London, England)
    |July 7, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Regular Pap smear screening significantly reduces the risk of invasive cervical cancer. Women not screened had a 2.7 times higher risk compared to those who were screened, highlighting the importance of this cancer detection method.

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Preventive Medicine
    • Gynecology

    Background:

    • Invasive cervical cancer remains a significant global health concern.
    • Early detection through screening is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening in preventing invasive cervical cancer.
    • To quantify the association between Pap smear history and the risk of developing invasive cervical cancer.

    Main Methods:

    • A case-control study comparing 212 women with invasive cervical cancer to 1060 age-matched controls.
    • Analysis of Pap smear screening history within the 5 years preceding diagnosis or the equivalent period for controls.
    • Statistical analysis, including relative risk calculation and stratification by demographic and lifestyle factors.

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    Main Results:

    • Only 32% of invasive cervical cancer cases had a Pap smear history compared to 56% of controls.
    • Women without a Pap smear history had a statistically significant 2.7-fold increased relative risk of invasive cervical cancer (p < 0.0001).
    • This association remained consistent across various demographic and socioeconomic strata.

    Conclusions:

    • The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear is a highly effective screening tool for the prevention of invasive cervical cancer.
    • Consistent screening adherence is associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing invasive cervical cancer.
    • The findings underscore the public health importance of promoting and facilitating access to regular Pap smear screening programs.