Treatment strategies for anxiety, stress, and developmental conflict during reproduction

In the preceding article, I reviewed the literature and analyzed psychophysiological and psychosocial foundations of reproductive health outcomes. In this article, I focus on treatment strategies and considerations for policy formation pertaining to the care of women, children, and families during reproduction. I discuss (a) cognitive and behavioral strategies for decreasing anxiety and promoting relaxation during gestation and parturition; (b) educational and other activities to prepare women for the childbirth event and alternatives to current practice; (c) methods of providing support and enhancing the mother's capacity for coping with events occurring during labor and delivery; and (d) current national and international programs and pilot projects that have effectively promoted health and adaptation to pregnancy and have reduced the occurrence of reproductive complications.