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Myocardial oxygen consumption, cardiac work, and myocardial efficiency in children
Z Onouchi1, K Hamaoka, K Sakata
1Division of Paediatrics, Children's Research Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan.
Insights
Pediatric cardiac function, including myocardial oxygen consumption and left ventricular work, was studied in 58 children. Results show cardiac efficiency remains constant in children over one year old, similar to adults.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Physiology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Limited data exists on human cardiac functional development, crucial for managing pediatric heart conditions.
- Understanding the heart's work and energy usage in children is vital for clinical practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure myocardial oxygen consumption and left ventricular work in children.
- To assess how cardiac function changes with age in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- Cardiac catheterization was performed on 58 patients aged 1-19 years with a history of Kawasaki disease.
- Hemodynamic data and myocardial oxygen consumption were measured.
- Left ventricular minute work and efficiency were calculated and analyzed by age group.
Main Results:
- Myocardial oxygen consumption and left ventricular minute work positively correlated with age.
- Left ventricular minute work per body surface area showed no significant change across pediatric age groups.
- Myocardial efficiency remained constant throughout childhood, comparable to adult levels.
Conclusions:
- Despite structural immaturity, myocardial oxygen consumption per body surface area and myocardial efficiency are consistent in children over one year of age and adults.
- Cardiac work and energy utilization in the developing heart are remarkably stable after infancy.
Unlabelled:
Few reports on human cardiac functional development exist, although this information is important for managing paediatric heart disease. The work and the energy usage of the heart was measured in children. A total of 58 patients (aged 1-19 years) with a history of Kawasaki disease without coronary sequelae underwent cardiac catheterization to obtain haemodynamic data and to measure myocardial oxygen consumption. Myocardial oxygen consumption (ml/min) (y = 0.63 x + 3.6, r = 0.86, P < 0.0001, x = age) and left ventricular minute work (kg m/min) (y = 0.46 x 2.4, r = 0.84, P < 0.0001, x = age) correlated positively with age. However, left ventricular minute work per body surface area (age: 2-5 years, 5.8 +/- 0.34 kg m/min/m2; age: 6-10 years, 6.9 +/- 0.59 kg m/min/m2; age: 11-15 years, 5.9 +/- 0.51 kg m/min/m2; age 16-19 years, 6.5 +/- 0.29 kg m/min/m2; and myocardial efficiency (age: 2-5 years, 40.1 +/- 4.4%; age: 6-10 years, 42.4 +/-3.9%; age: 11-15 years, 45.9 +/- 4.1%; age: 15-19 years, 42.3 +/- 6.6%) remained constant throughout childhood.
Conclusion:
In spite of the structural immaturity of the developing heart, the myocardial oxygen consumption per body surface area and myocardial efficiency led by the cardiac work are the same in adults and in children older than 1 year of age.