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Related Experiment Videos

Calcium pools, calcium entry, and cell growth

D L Gill1, R T Waldron, K E Rys-Sikora

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA.

Bioscience Reports
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) pools, primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are crucial for cell function. Alterations in ER Ca2+ levels significantly impact protein processing and cell cycle progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Physiology
  • Calcium Signaling

Background:

  • Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) pools and their release/pumping functions are known.
  • The precise nature, distribution, and physiological roles of these Ca2+ pools remain unclear.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is implicated in Ca2+ storage but has diverse cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the subcellular distribution and intraluminal Ca2+ levels within cellular Ca2+ pools.
  • To explore the physiological relationship between intraluminal Ca2+ levels and ER functions.
  • To determine the role of Ca2+ pool dynamics in cell growth and the cell cycle.

Main Methods:

  • In situ high-resolution morphological analysis of ER using ratiometric fluorescent Ca2+ dyes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilizing inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) to induce Ca2+ release.
  • Employing Ca2+ pump blockers like thapsigargin to manipulate pool Ca2+ levels.

    • Main Results:

    • InsP3-sensitive Ca2+ pools are widely distributed within cells.
    • Significant Ca2+ level fluctuations occur within pools upon InsP3-mediated release.
    • Depletion of Ca2+ pools induces a quiescent growth state (G0), reversible by essential fatty acids.
    • A distinct Ca2+ influx channel is expressed during Ca2+ pool-depleted growth arrest.

    Conclusions:

    • Substantial changes in intraluminal ER Ca2+ levels are physiologically relevant.
    • These Ca2+ dynamics are linked to essential ER functions, including protein translation, translocation, and folding.
    • ER Ca2+ pool status directly influences cell cycle progression and overall cell growth.