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Abnormal liver function in chronic hypervitaminosis A

G C Farrell, P S Bhathal, L W Powell

    The American Journal of Digestive Diseases
    |August 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Chronic vitamin A toxicity (hypervitaminosis A) can cause early liver damage, even before symptoms appear. This case highlights the need for regulating vitamin supplement sales to prevent such health issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Toxicology
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Hypervitaminosis A, a condition resulting from excessive vitamin A intake, can lead to significant health complications.
    • Alopecia, or hair loss, is sometimes treated with high-dose vitamin supplements, potentially leading to unintended toxicity.
    • Early detection of hepatic (liver) changes is crucial for managing chronic vitamin A toxicity.

    Observation:

    • A 57-year-old woman developed chronic hypervitaminosis A from self-prescribed vitamin preparations for alopecia.
    • Liver biopsy revealed enlarged and increased hepatic fat-storing cells (Ito cells) and rapidly fading vitamin A autofluorescence.
    • Electron microscopy showed engorged Ito cells in the space of Disse and mild hepatocyte damage.

    Findings:

    • The case demonstrates early histopathological changes in the liver associated with chronic vitamin A excess.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Increased number and size of fat-storing cells are key indicators of vitamin A accumulation in the liver.
  • Electron microscopy confirmed Ito cell hypertrophy and early signs of hepatotoxicity.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the potential dangers of over-the-counter vitamin supplements and the need for medical supervision.
    • It highlights the importance of recognizing early hepatic manifestations of hypervitaminosis A.
    • Regulatory measures on the sale of vitamin preparations may be necessary to prevent widespread toxicity.