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Augmented histamine test--diagnostic and prognostic values

D C Sun, A H Mirza, C S Mitchell

    The American Journal of Gastroenterology
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Patients with duodenal ulcers exhibit higher maximal acid output (MAO) than healthy individuals. Elevated MAO levels can indicate duodenal ulcer disease or complications, while low levels suggest its absence.

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Internal Medicine
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Peptic ulcer disease, particularly duodenal ulcers, is a common gastrointestinal condition.
    • Understanding acid secretion patterns is crucial for diagnosing and managing ulcer disease.
    • The augmented histamine test is a standard method for assessing gastric acid production.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate gastric acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcers compared to controls.
    • To determine the diagnostic utility of maximal acid output (MAO) in identifying duodenal ulcer disease.
    • To investigate the relationship between acid secretion levels and ulcer location or complications.

    Main Methods:

    • An augmented histamine test was performed on 107 controls, 48 gastric ulcer patients, and 141 duodenal ulcer patients.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Basal acid secretion and maximal acid output (MAO) were measured.
  • MAO levels were analyzed in relation to ulcer location, complications, and body weight.

    • Main Results:

    • Duodenal ulcer patients showed significantly higher mean basal acid secretion and MAO than controls.
    • Prepyloric ulcers were associated with higher acid secretion, while body of stomach ulcers had lower secretion.
    • 72% of duodenal ulcer patients had MAO > 20.4 mEq./hr.; MAO < 12.4 mEq./hr. made duodenal ulcer unlikely.
    • Patients with ulcer complications had significantly higher MAO.
    • MAO > 40 mEq./hr. suggested the presence or imminence of complications.

    Conclusions:

    • Elevated maximal acid output is a strong indicator of duodenal ulcer disease.
    • Specific MAO thresholds can aid in diagnosing or excluding duodenal ulcers.
    • Gastric acid hypersecretion is linked to duodenal ulcer disease and its complications.