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Analytical microscopy and environment. Current developments using bioindicators of pollution by stable and

C Chassard-Bouchaud1

  • 1Laboratoire de Biologie et Physiologie des Organismes Marins, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.

Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-Le-Grand, France)
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

This study investigated how marine invertebrates, freshwater fish, and trees accumulate pollutants like radioactive elements and aluminum. It highlights specific organs and cellular mechanisms involved in toxicant concentration and clearance in these bioindicators.

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[Demonstration of silver and lead contamination of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Mytilus edulis) in French coastal waters. Microanalytical study by secondary ion emission].

Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie·1985
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[Bioaccumulation of lithium by marine organisms in European, American, and Asian coastal zones: microanalytic study using secondary ion emission].

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[Role of lysosomes and spherocrystals in the phenomenon of uranium concentration in the mussel Mytilus edulis (L). Microanalysis by X-ray spectrometry].

Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie·1983
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[Bioaccumulation of uranium by mussels, Mytilus edulis (L.) collected from the French coasts of the Channel and experimental contamination. Microanalysis by secondary ionic emission].

Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie·1983
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[Uranium concentration by crustacea: A structural, ultrastructural and microanalytical study by secondary ion emission and electron probe X ray microanalysis].

Comptes rendus des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie·1982

Area of Science:

  • Ecotoxicology
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Industrial and environmental pollution introduces stable and radioactive elements into ecosystems.
  • Acid rain contaminates freshwater systems with aluminum, impacting aquatic life.
  • Atmospheric deposition poses risks to terrestrial organisms, such as trees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bioaccumulation mechanisms of various toxicants in different bioindicator species.
  • To identify target organs, tissues, and cellular organelles involved in toxicant uptake, storage, and elimination.
  • To compare the toxicokinetics of pollutants across marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Electron Microprobe (EMP) for microanalytical investigations.

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  • Examined marine invertebrates (mollusks, crustaceans) exposed to radioactive and stable elements.
  • Studied freshwater fish (brown trout) exposed to aluminum and trees (Casuarina equisetifolia) exposed to plutonium.

    • Main Results:

    • Marine invertebrates accumulated elements in digestive glands, gills, and exoskeletons, with lysosomes and spherocrystals as key organelles. Amoebocytes facilitated pollutant clearance.
    • Freshwater trout showed aluminum phosphate insolubilization in lysosomes and high metal concentrations in bones.
    • Casuarina equisetifolia demonstrated a significant capacity for concentrating atmospheric plutonium in its leaves.

    Conclusions:

    • Bioindicator species exhibit distinct mechanisms for accumulating and storing environmental pollutants at cellular and subcellular levels.
    • Microanalytical techniques like SIMS and EMP are crucial for understanding toxicant distribution in biological tissues.
    • The study provides insights into the ecotoxicological impact of diverse pollutants on different environmental compartments.