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Obstructive sleep apnea in children

C L Marcus1, G M Loughlin

  • 1Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Seminars in Pediatric Neurology
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Childhood obstructive sleep apnea, often caused by enlarged tonsils, is diagnosed via polysomnography. Surgical removal of tonsils and adenoids frequently cures this common pediatric condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a significant cause of childhood illness.
  • Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is the primary cause in children.
  • Risk factors include craniofacial anomalies, obesity, and neuromuscular disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
  • To highlight the differences in presentation between pediatric and adult obstructive sleep apnea.
  • To emphasize the importance of age-appropriate diagnostic criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis relies on polysomnography, utilizing age-specific normative data.
  • Clinical presentation often involves persistent partial airway obstruction rather than discrete apneas.

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  • Evaluation considers symptoms like snoring and nocturnal breathing difficulties.

    • Main Results:

    • Polysomnography is the definitive diagnostic tool.
    • Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea frequently presents as partial airway obstruction.
    • Age-normative data is crucial for accurate polysomnographic interpretation.

    Conclusions:

    • Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy are curative in most pediatric cases.
    • Continuous positive airway pressure may be required for persistent symptoms.
    • Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are vital for managing childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.