Primary tumour staging of gastric and colorectal cancer

Almost 15 years after its introduction, endosonography or endoscopic ultrasonography is an important technique in a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases. Other imaging techniques are CT, MRI and barium examination. There is a general consensus that the most important prognostic factor in gastric and colorectal carcinoma is the presence or absence of lymph node invasion, but malignant fixation of tumour through direct invasion of adjacent tissues also appears to be very important. Non-invasive preoperative assessment of tumour stage based on one or a combination of the above imaging modalities should allow appropriate treatment to be planned in each case.