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Changes in plasma enzyme activities in professional racing cyclists

P Mena¹, M Maynar, J E Campillo

¹Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.

British Journal of Sports Medicine

|June 1, 1996

Summary

Plasma enzyme levels increase in professional cyclists after endurance races. These elevations, particularly aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, correlate with race duration and normalize overnight, suggesting muscle cell damage.

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Exercise Physiology
Biochemistry

Background:

Professional cycling involves extreme physical exertion.
Plasma levels of intracellular enzymes can indicate muscle damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate changes in plasma enzyme levels in professional cyclists after endurance cycling races.
To correlate enzyme level changes with race duration and recovery.

Main Methods:

Measured plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
Collected samples from professional cyclists at rest and post-exercise during two major road races (Vuelta Ciclista a Valencia and Vuelta a España).

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Main Results:

Significant increases in plasma AST, ALT, and ALP were observed post-race compared to pre-race values (P < 0.05).
Plasma LDH increased significantly only after the longer Vuelta a España.
Higher increases in AST and ALT correlated with longer race durations.
Enzyme levels returned to baseline overnight.

Conclusions:

Elevated plasma enzyme levels likely result from muscle cell damage and subsequent enzyme leakage.
The extent of enzyme elevation is related to the physiological stress of prolonged cycling.
Overnight rest facilitates recovery of plasma enzyme levels.