D W Wiper1, M A Duchon, K L Muise
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University MacDonald Womens Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Vacuum equipment performance varied significantly in operative vaginal deliveries. Wall suction proved unreliable, while electric pumps offered consistent vacuum, and hand-operated pumps required different work levels.
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