Genetic and anthropological studies in the human adaptability section of the International Biological Programme

In the U.K. contribution to the H.A. (Human Adaptibility) section of I.B.P., genetic and anthropological studies have focused on three concerns. First, attempts have been made in a number of investigation to gain additional descriptive information about the genetic compostition of the world's populations. Concentrating on blood groups, blood enzymes, serum proteins and other polmorphic markers important gaps have been filled in our knowledge of the geographical paterns of human variation and of the affinities of populations wig and characterizing populations which were being studied for other purposes. For example, it was of critical concern in interpreting results to know in the investigations of climatic physiology and nutrition in Ethiopia and Israel whether the various groups studied in different environments were genetically the same or not. Finally, attention was focused in a number of investigations, especially those in New Guinea, Tristan da Cunha, Tanzania, and the Orkneys, on the factors which determine the genetic structure of populations. In these the effects of such phenomena as inbreeding, genetic drift, founder effects, migration and gene flow and the relation between genetic variety and health were examined and much attention was given to the interaction between demographic forces and genetics.