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Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for autonomously functioning thyroid nodule

K Nakada1, C Katoh, K Kanegae

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.

Annals of Nuclear Medicine
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) effectively treated autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN). This minimally invasive treatment led to hyperthyroidism remission and nodule volume reduction with minimal side effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Thyroidology

Background:

  • Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) can cause hyperthyroidism.
  • Current treatments for AFTN have limitations.
  • Ultrasonography (US)-guided percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) is a minimally invasive option.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of US-guided PEIT for treating solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN).

Main Methods:

  • Four patients with solitary AFTN (2 toxic, 2 subclinically toxic) underwent US-guided PEIT.
  • Ninety-nine percent ethanol was injected fractionally until total volume exceeded nodule volume.
  • Follow-up included clinical assessment, thyroid function tests, and scintigraphy.

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Main Results:

  • Complete remission of hyperthyroidism in toxic AFTN cases.
  • Normalization of TSH levels and response in subclinically toxic AFTN cases.
  • Nodular volume reduction exceeded 80% in all patients with no recurrence or hypothyroidism during 10-23 months follow-up.
  • Main side effect was mild, transient pain/burning at injection site; no severe complications.

Conclusions:

  • US-guided PEIT is a safe and effective treatment for solitary autonomously functioning thyroid nodules.
  • PEIT offers a promising therapeutic option for AFTN, achieving significant nodule reduction and biochemical normalization.
  • The procedure demonstrated a favorable safety profile with minimal adverse effects.