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Abnormal lipoprotein phospholipid composition in patients with essential hypertension
J D Bagdade1, W F Buchanan, T Pollare
1Department of Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Atherosclerosis
|October 1, 1995
Summary
Essential hypertension (EH) is linked to altered lipoprotein lipid profiles, with higher cholesterol and lower phospholipids in EH patients. These changes may increase cardiovascular risk by affecting vascular tone.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Lipid Metabolism
- Hypertension Research
Background:
- Vascular cell membranes in essential hypertension (EH) exhibit altered free cholesterol and phospholipid content.
- Lipoprotein lipid composition may reflect cellular lipid content due to free exchange.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate lipid and phospholipid abnormalities in lipoproteins of patients with EH.
- To determine if gender influences these lipoprotein alterations.
Main Methods:
- Studied 30 EH patients (11 women, 19 men) and 20 normotensive controls.
- Analyzed lipoprotein composition, examining gender-specific differences.
- Measured triglycerides (TG), VLDL + LDL, HDL2, HDL3, free cholesterol (FC), and phospholipids (PI, PS, PE, SPH, PC).
Main Results:
- EH patients showed higher plasma TG, VLDL + LDL, and HDL2 lipid levels.
- VLDL + LDL in EH patients had reduced phosphatidylinositol (PI) + phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE).
- HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions in EH patients were depleted in phospholipids (SPH, PI + PS, PE) relative to neutral lipids.
- EH women exhibited an increased plasma FC/PC ratio (a cardiovascular risk factor) and both sexes showed a lowered SPH/PC ratio in HDL2 and HDL3.
Conclusions:
- Lipoproteins in normolipidemic EH women are relatively enriched in free cholesterol.
- Lipoproteins in EH patients (both sexes) are depleted in specific phospholipids.
- These alterations in lipoprotein composition may impact their function and increase vascular tone, contributing to hypertension.