Cannabinoid receptor genes

Cannabinoids are the constituents of the marijuana plant (cannabis sativa) of which the major active ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC). Rapid progress has been achieved in marijuana research in the last five years than in the thousands of years that marijuana has been used in human history. For many decades therefore, research on the molecular and neurobiological bases of the physiological and neurobehavioral effects of marijuana was hampered by the lack of specific research tools and technology. The situation has started to change with the availability of molecular probes and other recombinant molecules that have led to major advances. Recent advances include the cloning of the cDNA sequences encoding the rat, human and the mouse peripheral and CNS cannabinoid receptors. In addition a putative ligand, anandamide, thought to represent the endogenous cannabis-like substance that binds the cannabinoid receptors, has been isolated from the brain. This achievement has opened a whole new neurochemical system particularly as the physiological and pharmacological properties of anandamide indicate a possible neuromodulatory or neurotransmitter role. The recent demonstration of a potent and selective antagonist for CBl receptors may become an important and powerful investigative tool. Future progress on the neurobiology of cannabinoid research may include data on the use of antisense strategies and gene targeting approach to further understand the mechanism(s) of action of cannabinoids which has been slow to emerge. We conclude that these are exciting times for cannabis research which has given us anandamide--a substance of inner bliss.