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Pathophysiology of asthma

P J Barnes1

  • 1Department of Thoracic Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.

British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asthma therapy advances with molecular biology, revealing cytokines and transcription factors like NF-kappa B as key targets. Inhaled steroids are effective, targeting airway epithelial cells and inflammatory gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Asthma understanding and treatment have evolved significantly due to molecular and cell biology.
  • Inflammatory cells and mediators, particularly cytokines, drive chronic asthma inflammation.
  • Airway epithelial cells are crucial sources of mediators and targets for inhaled steroids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in asthma understanding and therapy.
  • To highlight the role of molecular mechanisms in asthma pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of new pharmacological targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on asthma molecular biology and pharmacology.
  • Analysis of inflammatory pathways and mediator roles in asthma.

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  • Examination of the mechanisms of action for inhaled corticosteroids.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytokines amplify and perpetuate chronic inflammation in asthma.
    • Airway epithelial cells produce key mediators (nitric oxide, endothelin) and are targeted by steroids.
    • Transcription factors, such as NF-kappa B, are pivotal in inflammatory gene expression and are targets for glucocorticoids.

    Conclusions:

    • New molecular insights are revolutionizing asthma treatment strategies.
    • Targeting specific inflammatory pathways and transcription factors offers promising therapeutic avenues.
    • Inhaled steroids remain a cornerstone therapy, acting on epithelial cells and gene expression.