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The association between occupation and tuberculosis. A population-based survey

M T McKenna1, M Hutton, G Cauthen

  • 1Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|September 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Certain occupations, including inhalation therapists, funeral directors, and farm workers, show higher tuberculosis (TB) risks. This study highlights occupation-specific TB risk factors, even in areas with lower overall TB rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Growing interest in the link between employment and tuberculosis (TB) risk.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated specific occupational risks for TB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various occupations and the risk of developing clinically active tuberculosis.
  • To identify specific job sectors with elevated TB incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of occupational data from 9,534 working-age tuberculosis patients across 29 states (1984-1985).
  • Comparison of patient occupation data with U.S. Census data to estimate population denominators.
  • Calculation of standardized morbidity ratios (SMR) to assess TB risk by occupation.

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Main Results:

  • Overall TB case rate in working-age individuals was 8.4 per 100,000, slightly below the national rate.
  • Health care workers as a group showed similar TB rates to the general population (SMR: 1.0).
  • Elevated TB rates were found for inhalation therapists (SMR: 2.9), lower-paid health care workers (SMR: 1.3), funeral directors (SMR: 3.9), and farm workers (SMR: 3.7).

Conclusions:

  • Specific occupations, notably inhalation therapists, funeral directors, and farm workers, are associated with significantly elevated tuberculosis risk.
  • These findings indicate that occupation is a critical factor influencing TB risk, even in regions with lower prevalence.
  • Public health strategies should consider occupational exposures when addressing tuberculosis prevention and control.