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[Heart conduction system and accessory pathways]

T Shimada1, M Arita

  • 1Department of Fundamental Nursing and Physiology, Oita Medical University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Comparative anatomical analysis reveals that the atrioventricular (AV) node and bundle system in mammals, including humans, likely evolved from the ring muscular tissue found in lower vertebrates. Accessory pathways in humans may represent remnants of this ancestral tissue.

Area of Science:

  • Comparative anatomy
  • Cardiovascular morphology
  • Histology

Context:

  • The atrioventricular (AV) junction is crucial for cardiac electrical conduction.
  • Understanding its evolutionary development provides insights into cardiac function and pathology.
  • Scanning electron microscopy and HCl digestion are used to analyze tissue morphology.

Purpose:

  • To investigate the comparative morphology of atrioventricular junctions across different vertebrate groups.
  • To explore the evolutionary origins of the mammalian AV node and bundle system.
  • To determine if accessory conduction pathways in humans are homologous to structures in lower vertebrates.

Summary:

  • In fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, a "ring muscular tissue" connects atrial and ventricular muscle.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Mammalian hearts possess an AV node and bundle system, sharing ultrastructural similarities with the ring muscular tissue.
  • Accessory pathways in humans are rare and may be evolutionary remnants of this ancestral ring muscular tissue.

    • Impact:

    • This study suggests that accessory pathways in humans are vestigial structures.
    • It provides a developmental and comparative anatomical perspective on the evolution of cardiac conduction systems.
    • Findings contribute to understanding the structural basis of cardiac arrhythmias potentially linked to these remnants.