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Seizures in cats

J M Parent1, A D Quesnel

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
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Seizures in cats often stem from underlying inflammatory or structural diseases, not primary epilepsy. Many cats with feline seizures, even severe ones, can be managed effectively with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs).

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Feline Medicine
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Seizures in domestic cats are typically linked to active structural brain diseases or secondary epilepsy.
  • Inflammatory conditions, often viral (excluding Feline Infectious Peritonitis - FIP), are the most frequent structural causes.
  • Infectious diseases like Toxoplasmosis, FIP, Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV), and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) are uncommon causes of recurrent seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the causes and diagnostic considerations for seizures in cats.
  • To analyze the significance of seizure patterns, age of onset, and seizure severity in feline epilepsy.
  • To evaluate the prognosis and treatment outcomes for cats experiencing seizures.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on feline seizures and epilepsy.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of clinical presentation, including seizure type, frequency, and age at onset.
  • Assessment of the relationship between seizure severity and treatment outcomes with anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs).

    • Main Results:

    • The majority of feline seizures (over 50%) are nonconvulsive, manifesting as mild generalized or partial complex seizures.
    • While severe seizures like cluster seizures and status epilepticus occur, seizure severity is not a reliable indicator of prognosis.
    • The pattern and frequency of seizures, along with the age of onset, are crucial for differential diagnosis in cats.

    Conclusions:

    • Active structural disease is the primary cause of seizures in cats, with inflammatory and viral origins being most common.
    • Primary epilepsy is rare in domestic cats.
    • Many cats with seizures, irrespective of severity, can achieve seizure control with appropriate anti-epileptic drug (AED) therapy or may cease having seizures spontaneously.