Effects of dopamine and fluphenazine on field potential amplitude in the salamander olfactory bulb

The effects of dopamine (DA) and fluphenazine (FLU), a phenothiazine DA receptor antagonist, were examined in the salamander olfactory bulb. Field potentials were recorded in the granule cell layer of superfused hemibrain preparations, and the amplitude of the large positive peak was compared following stimulation of the olfactory nerve (ON) and lateral olfactory tract (OT). In preparations superfused with normal amphibian Ringer's solution, the large peak occurred 14-21 ms after either ON or OT stimulation. It therefore appeared to reflect the activation of granule cell synapses with mitral cells, as in olfactory bulbs of other species. In three groups of preparations that were superfused with single concentrations of DA, significant decreases were observed in the amplitude of the large peak of ON- and OT-evoked potentials with increases in concentration from 5-200 microM. Moreover, with 5 microM DA and 50 microM DA, significant decreases were observed in the amplitude of the large peak of ON-evoked potentials with increases in superfusion time from 1-15 min. With each DA concentration tested, the mean percentage decrease in the ON-evoked potentials was significantly larger than the mean percentage decrease in the OT-evoked potentials. In five groups of preparations that were superfused with single concentrations of FLU, significant decreases were also observed in the amplitude of the large peak of ON- and OT-evoked potentials with increases in concentration from 0.5-150 microM. With 100 microM FLU and 150 microM FLU, significant decreases were observed in the amplitude of the large peak of both ON- and OT-evoked potentials with increases in superfusion time from 5-10 min. With each FLU concentration tested, the mean percentage change in the ON-evoked potentials was significantly larger than the mean percentage change in the OT-evoked potentials. The stronger effects of DA and FLU on the ON-evoked than OT-evoked potentials suggested that both drugs target receptors in the rostral (superficial) layers of the salamander olfactory bulb which have a higher density or affinity for DA and FLU than receptors in the more caudal (deep) layers of the bulb. When preparations were superfused with an equimolar mixture of DA and FLU at the ED50 concentrations (50 microM for both), FLU blocked approximately 50% of the decrease in the amplitude of the ON-evoked potentials relative to the decrease measured in preparations superfused with DA alone. Since FLU depressed the amplitude of ON-evoked potentials when it was tested alone, however, the rostral DA receptors could occur on both the olfactory receptor cell axons and their postsynaptic targets, or FLU could limit mitral/tufted cell excitation by affecting other types of receptors or voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Results of this study which show that DA and FLU reduce the amplitude of evoked potentials in the salamander olfactory bulb provide evidence for the occurrence of DA receptors in the amphibian brain. More importantly, the stronger effects of DA and FLU on the ON-evoked than OT-evoked potentials suggest that the DA receptors could function to limit the excitation of cells at an early synaptic level in the salamander bulb. By modulating spatiotemporal patterns of synaptic activity in the glomerular layer, the receptors could profoundly influence the initial encoding of information about odors.