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Disaster nomenclature--a functional impact approach: the PICE system

K L Koenig1, N Dinerman, A E Kuehl

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda County Medical Center, Highland General Hospital, CA, USA. kristik@hghed.com

Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

A new nomenclature, "potential injury-creating event" (PICE), offers a standardized way to describe disasters. This system uses modifiers and stages to communicate the need for outside medical assistance, aiding disaster management.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Disaster Management
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Current disaster terminology lacks standardization, hindering effective communication and planning.
  • A concise and universally understood system for classifying disaster events is needed.
  • Existing disaster descriptions do not consistently convey the scale of resource needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel nomenclature system for describing disasters.
  • To develop a taxonomy that standardizes disaster event descriptions.
  • To create a system that clearly communicates the need for external medical assistance.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed a root word 'PICE' (potential injury-creating event) as a replacement for 'disaster'.
  • Developed descriptive modifiers categorized into potential for additional casualties, resource overwhelm (disruptive/paralytic), and geographic extent.

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  • Introduced a 'Stage' (0-III) to quantify the likelihood of requiring outside medical assistance.

    • Main Results:

    • The PICE system provides a structured, multi-modifier approach to disaster description.
    • Each PICE is assigned a 'Stage' indicating the urgency of external medical support.
    • Example provided: a 'static, controlled, local PICE, stage 0' for a multi-vehicle crash in a large city.

    Conclusions:

    • The PICE nomenclature offers a concise and informative method for describing disaster events.
    • This system effectively communicates the need for external medical resources.
    • The model has potential applications in disaster planning, management, and research.