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Changes in chromosomal ultrastructure during the cell cycle

R Martin1, W Busch, R G Herrmann

  • 1Botanisches Institut der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany. barley@botanik.biologie.uni-muenchen.de

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
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High-resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed distinct surface structures of mitotic barley and rye chromosomes. These findings offer insights into chromatin organization during cell division in plants.

Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Cell biology
  • Cytogenetics

Background:

  • Understanding chromosome structure is crucial for comprehending cell division and genetics.
  • Plant chromosomes exhibit complex organization and condensation patterns during mitosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the surface ultrastructure of mitotic barley and rye chromosomes using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy.
  • To describe the morphological changes in chromatin condensation and decondensation during different stages of mitosis.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) was employed.
  • Chromosomes were prepared from meristematic tissue of barley and rye root tips.
  • Analysis focused on chromosomes at various stages of mitotic condensation (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase).

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Main Results:

  • Highly condensed metaphase and anaphase chromosomes displayed a compact, smooth surface.
  • Chromatin condensation initiated from the centromeric region, with distinct chromatids visible in less condensed telomeric regions.
  • Decondensation commenced at the telomeric region during telophase.
  • Parallel fiber arrangements were characteristic of prophase and telophase chromosomes.
  • Observed chromatin structures included tile-like and braided patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Prophase and telophase chromosomes are optimal for detailed studies of chromatin arrangement and organization.
  • The study provides a high-resolution view of plant chromosome surface morphology during mitosis.
  • SEM reveals specific fiber arrangements and structural patterns related to chromatin condensation states.