Impaired stem cell collection by consecutive courses of high-dose mobilizing chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide,...

Tandem cycles of myeloablative chemotherapy can increase dose intensity and total dose of chemotherapy, but sufficient numbers of progenitor cells must be collected to ensure hematologic recovery after each treatment. This study was undertaken to determine if two courses of mobilizing chemotherapy given 4 weeks apart using cyclophosphamide 4000 mg/m2 and etoposide 400 mg/m2, combined with G-CSF 5-10 mg/kg on days 3-16 could each provide sufficient numbers of peripheral blood progenitor cells to support tandem cycles of myeloablative chemotherapy in 20 patients with stage IV breast cancer. Leukapheresis of blood with WBC > 1000/mm3 was performed daily for up to five collections (days 12-16), and mononuclear cells, CFU-GM, and CD34+ cells were compared between the first and second collections. The second course of mobilizing treatment resulted in similar numbers of mononuclear cells collected but far fewer CFU-GM and CD34+ progenitor cells. This prevented using the second collection of progenitor cells as the sole source for the second transplant. The data suggest that a second course of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and G-CSF given 4 weeks after the first leads to progenitor cell depletion, and efforts to increase the yield of blood-derived progenitors should focus on the initial mobilizing procedure.