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Related Experiment Videos

Necrotizing enterocolitis in horses: a retrospective study

W J Saville1, K W Hinchcliff, B R Moore

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
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Fatal necrotizing enterocolitis in horses is a rapidly progressing disease characterized by severe pain, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. This study details the clinical and clinicopathologic findings in 16 affected horses, all of which died or were euthanized.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Internal Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal condition affecting horses, often with a fatal outcome.
  • Understanding the clinical and clinicopathologic features of fatal NEC is crucial for early diagnosis and management.
  • This study investigates the characteristics of NEC in a cohort of horses presenting with severe clinical signs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical and clinicopathologic findings in horses with fatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
  • To identify key diagnostic indicators and prognostic factors associated with this severe condition.
  • To provide insights into the typical disease course and terminal manifestations of equine NEC.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical and clinicopathologic data from 16 horses diagnosed with fatal necrotizing enterocolitis.

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  • Evaluation of signalment, physical examination findings, laboratory results (hematology, serum chemistry, acid-base status), and abdominal fluid analysis.
  • Correlation of findings with disease progression and outcome (death or euthanasia).

    • Main Results:

    • All 16 horses exhibited severe clinical signs including pyrexia, tachycardia, tachypnea, dehydration, and discolored mucous membranes.
    • Common clinicopathologic findings included hemoconcentration (high PCV), leukopenia with neutropenia, acidemia, electrolyte derangements (hyponatremia, hypochloremia), elevated creatinine, and abnormal anion gap.
    • Abdominal fluid analysis was often non-specific, and while Salmonella spp. were isolated in some cases, Ehrlichia risticii titers were low.
    • All horses either died or were euthanized due to a grave prognosis, with death typically occurring within 45.5 hours of admission, preceded by severe abdominal pain.

    Conclusions:

    • Fatal equine necrotizing enterocolitis is a rapidly fatal disease with a characteristic constellation of clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities.
    • Profound dehydration, significant electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, and hemoconcentration are hallmarks of the condition.
    • Abdominal fluid analysis may not accurately reflect the severity of NEC, emphasizing the importance of integrating all diagnostic data for timely intervention.