The three-dimensional bone interface of an osseointegrated implant. I: A morphometric evaluation in initial healing

Direct bone-implant interface as an indicator of endosseous implant success appears to have been overinterpreted because 100% bone apposition is not necessarily obtained at the surface of the endosseous dental implant. The purpose of this study was to obtain quantitative information about the three-dimensional bone structure around three hydroxyapatite-coated titanium alloy dental implants. Implants were placed in the mandible in three monkeys, and the surface bone contact ratio in the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal directions was computed. Computer graphics were generated by the integration of data for serial ground surfaces obtained at 75 microm intervals of the tissue block involved with the implant. The bone contact ratio of the whole surface of each of the three implants was 80.8%, 68.1%, and 68.8%, and the bone contact ratio for each direction and portion varied with the conditions of implant placement. The bone volume ratios around the implant at the 0 to 300 microm zone were also calculated, and total ratios ranged from 58% to 81%. These results may provide useful quantitative information about the bone structure around the hydroxyapatite-coated implants and contribute to the development of realistic finite element analysis models based on the biologic bone structure around the implants.