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Life sciences space missions. Overview

F M Sulzman1

  • 1Life Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, District of Columbia 20546, USA.

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Weightlessness causes significant physiological changes, including reduced cardiovascular capacity, bone and muscle loss, and neurological issues. These effects stem from factors like reduced physical activity and fluid shifts in space.

Area of Science:

  • Space physiology
  • Human physiology in microgravity

Background:

  • Weightlessness is known to induce widespread physiological changes.
  • These changes affect multiple body systems, impacting astronaut health and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the known physiological effects of weightlessness.
  • To identify the underlying causes of these physiological adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on spaceflight-induced physiological changes.
  • Analysis of contributing factors such as hypokinesia and fluid shifts.

Main Results:

  • Cardiovascular system decline (aerobic capacity, orthostatic tolerance).
  • Reduced fluid/electrolyte balance, hematocrit, and immune parameters.
Keywords:
NASA Center HQSNASA Discipline General Space Life SciencesNASA Discipline Number 99-99NASA Program Life Sciences Management

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  • Loss of bone/muscle mass and strength; neurological alterations (space motion sickness, gait changes).

    • Conclusions:

    • Weightlessness triggers a cascade of physiological deconditioning.
    • Hypokinesia, cephalic fluid shift, vestibular unloading, stress, and altered time perception are key causative factors.