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Coronaviruses in polarized epithelial cells

J W Rossen1, C P Bekker, W F Voorhout

  • 1Institute of Virology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This study compares how transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infect epithelial cells. TGEV exits from the apical side, leading to local infections, while MHV exits basolaterally, causing systemic infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Epithelial Cell Biology

Background:

  • Coronaviruses exhibit a strong tropism for epithelial cells.
  • Understanding virus-host interactions at the cellular level is crucial for explaining disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the interactions of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-A59) with polarized epithelial cells.
  • To elucidate the entry and release mechanisms of these viruses in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing polarized porcine (LLC-PK1) and murine (mTAL) epithelial cells on permeable supports.
  • Inoculating cells from apical and basolateral sides to determine viral entry points.
  • Analyzing viral protein and infectivity release from different cellular domains.

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Main Results:

  • Both TGEV and MHV-A59 entered polarized epithelial cells exclusively through the apical membrane.
  • TGEV was preferentially released from the apical plasma membrane of LLC-PK1 cells.
  • MHV was preferentially released from the basolateral membrane of mTAL cells.

Conclusions:

  • The distinct release pathways (apical for TGEV, basolateral for MHV) correlate with their observed in vivo infection patterns.
  • Apical release of TGEV likely contributes to local infections, whereas basolateral release of MHV may facilitate systemic spread.