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Related Experiment Videos

Bone density and cyclic ovarian function in trained runners and active controls

K M Winters1, W C Adams, C N Meredith

  • 1Department of Exercise Science, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|July 1, 1996
PubMed
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Rigorous exercise in trained runners may negatively impact bone health and ovarian hormone levels, particularly estrogen. Even with regular menstrual cycles, underlying hormonal imbalances can affect bone density and increase stress fracture risk.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Bone Health

Background:

  • Rigorous exercise training in female athletes can potentially disrupt hormonal balance and affect bone health.
  • Understanding the relationship between exercise intensity, ovarian hormones, and bone mineral density (BMD) is crucial for female athletes.
  • Previous research suggests potential links between exercise, menstrual irregularities, and reduced bone density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the adverse effects of rigorous exercise training on ovarian hormone levels and bone health in trained female runners.
  • To compare hormonal profiles, BMD, and body composition between trained runners and moderately active controls.
  • To determine the association between exercise volume, hormone levels, and bone health indicators in female runners.

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Main Methods:

  • Evaluated ovarian hormones (urinary estrone conjugates and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide), bone mineral density (BMD) via DEXA, body composition, dietary intake, and energy expenditure.
  • Compared 10 trained collegiate runners with 10 moderately active controls.
  • Utilized 3-day diet records and estimated energy expenditure, alongside menstrual history and stress fracture data.

Main Results:

  • Trained runners exhibited lower total body calcium per kg of soft lean tissue and a higher incidence of stress fractures.
  • A significant inverse relationship was found between lumbar BMD and weekly running distance across all subjects.
  • Lower urinary estrone conjugates (E1C) were observed in trained runners during the early follicular phase, suggesting reduced estrogen production.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced estrogen production, not progesterone, appears associated with lower bone mineral content and density in trained runners.
  • Regular menstrual cycles in female runners do not guarantee normal ovarian hormone function or adequate bone health.
  • Rigorous exercise training may adversely affect ovarian hormone levels and bone health, necessitating careful monitoring in athletes.