The effects of cardiac infarction on realistic three-dimensional left ventricular blood ejection

The effect of cardiac infarction on the flow patterns in cardiac left ventricular ejection was studied using a realistic model which was made from the profile of the left ventricle of a dog heart in diastole. A coordinate measuring machine was used to measure the left ventricular coordinates, and these were input into a three-dimensional flow simulation package. The left ventricular wall motion was described by having the walls moved towards the center of the aortic outlet, and in the case of infarcted tissue, the ventricular wall movement was diminished to simulate infarction flow behavior. The final ventricular volume varied from 25 percent to 54.1 percent of the initial volume in cases without and with infarction, respectively. The maximum blood ejection velocities and ventricular pressure decreased significantly in the presence of infarction. Infarcted areas showed complex blood flow vortex formation not present in the healthy ventricles. The computational technique presented here predicts infarction flow effects which could be observed with measurement techniques such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, allowing a finer detail of understanding than using either simulation or experimental measurements alone.