Poultry science: the next 20 years?

1. The theme of the lecture is that research in poultry science has moved too far in the direction of molecular biology and away from studies with whole animals. This has happened partly because exciting prospects are opening up in the field of gene manipulation but mainly because of the use of inappropriate referees to evaluate research proposals. 2. Agricultural research is defined as work intended to benefit agriculture and directed towards those problems which seem capable of solution. Science research is something else. Too much of the money allocated for agricultural and biotechnology research is being spent on science research. The system of rewarding agricultural scientists needs to be adjusted away from counting papers published. 3. Some examples are given of problems in poultry science which seem likely to be soluble by gene manipulation. These include "essential" amino acid synthesis within the chicken, improvement of shell strength, the prevention of many diseases, but probably not the improvement of quantitative traits or of behavioural adaptation to intensive husbandry. 4. Examples are also given of problems likely to require empirical solutions, such as the benefits of acclimatisation or the long-term response to a lighting programme. Here the need is to develop better theories to guide modelling activities. 5. The author concludes that there is much research that can and should be done in poultry science in the next 20 years but calls for a recognition that some problems cannot be solved by a "fundamental" approach but will need experiments with whole animals coupled with model-building activities.