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[Hypoplasia of the optic disc in children]
B Koraszewska-Matuszewska1, E Samochowiec-Donocik, I Rokita-Wala
1Z Kliniki Okulistyki Dzieciecej I Katedry, Okulistyki Slaskiej AM w Katowicach.
Insights
Optic disc hypoplasia in children is linked to maternal alcohol use and infections, often causing significant vision loss and visual field defects. Some cases may also present with neurological issues like epilepsy.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatrics
- Neurology
Context:
- Optic disc hypoplasia (ODH) is a congenital condition affecting visual development.
- Understanding ODH etiology is crucial for early intervention and management in pediatric patients.
Purpose:
- To analyze the etiological factors contributing to optic disc hypoplasia in children.
- To perform a functional assessment of visual acuity and visual fields in affected children.
Summary:
- This study investigated 43 children diagnosed with optic disc hypoplasia (ODH), with unilateral cases in 20.9%.
- Presumed etiological factors included maternal alcohol consumption, syphilis, influenza, herpes, and severe anemia.
- Visual acuity varied widely, with 58% having acuity not exceeding 1/50; however, 20% had sufficient near vision for school. Visual field defects included concentric contraction and nasal scotoma. Hypermetropia was noted in 28 eyes. Associated conditions observed were mental deficiency (3 cases) and epilepsy (1 case).
Impact:
- Identifies potential risk factors for ODH, aiding in prenatal counseling and prevention strategies.
- Highlights the spectrum of visual impairment and associated neurological comorbidities in ODH, informing clinical management and prognosis.
- Provides data on functional vision, crucial for educational planning and support for affected children.
Purpose:
Analysis of etiological factors and functional assessment of the eyes.
Material And Methods:
Optic disc hypoplasia was diagnosed in 43 children, aged 12 months--12 years, unilateral in 9 (20.9%). The follow-up ranged from 8 months to 9 years, the mean age of patients during the last examination was 10.4 years.
Results:
The following presumed etiological factors were stated in anamnesis: abose of alcohol by the mothers during pregnancy, syphilis, influenza, herpes and severe anemia. Visual acuity ranged from light perception with false localization to 5/50; in 58% of cases it was not above 1/50 but in 1/5 of the eyes visual acuity for short distance was sufficient for school needs. Concentric contraction and nasal scotoma were revealed in visual field. Hypermetropia was found in 28 eyes. In 3 cases mental dificiency was observed, in 1 of them with atrophy of a temporal cerebral cortex and epilepsia occurred in 1 child.