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Cytologic diagnosis of pseudomyxoma peritonei: common and uncommon causes
L R Pisharodi1, C W Bedrossian
1Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Abstract:
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) refers to accumulation of mucus in the peritoneal cavity, regardless of cause or pathogenesis. We have reviewed 8 cases of PP diagnosed in our institution over the past 5 years. Pertinent cytologic features include a mucinous background with mesothelial cells and histiocytes. Two cases contained rare clusters of neoplastic epithelial cells, with low-grade nuclear features of malignancy. The origin and nature of the parent neoplasms were variable, with no reflection of the cytologic features of PP.
Insights
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) is mucus accumulation in the abdomen. Cytology shows a mucinous background with specific cells, but rarely, malignant cells may be present, unrelated to the primary tumor.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Cytopathology
Background:
- Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PP) is characterized by mucin accumulation within the peritoneal cavity.
- The etiology and pathogenesis of PP can be diverse.
- Understanding its cytologic features is crucial for diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei diagnosed at our institution.
- To identify and describe the key cytologic features of PP.
- To correlate cytologic findings with the origin of the parent neoplasm.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 8 cases of pseudomyxoma peritonei over a 5-year period.
- Cytologic analysis of peritoneal fluid samples.
- Histopathologic correlation where available.
Main Results:
- A mucinous background with mesothelial cells and histiocytes was consistently observed.
- Two cases exhibited rare clusters of neoplastic epithelial cells with low-grade malignant features.
- The cytologic findings did not consistently reflect the origin or nature of the primary neoplasms.
Conclusions:
- Cytologic examination of pseudomyxoma peritonei reveals a characteristic mucinous background.
- The presence of neoplastic cells is infrequent and may not indicate the primary tumor type.
- Diagnosis relies on recognizing the mucinous background and specific cellular components.