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Trans unsaturated fatty acids in bacteria

H Keweloh1, H J Heipieper

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Münster, Germany.

Lipids
|February 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Trans fatty acids, initially known from rumen bacteria, are now found in aerobic bacteria. Aerobic bacteria synthesize these trans fatty acids via direct isomerization, impacting membrane fluidity in response to toxic environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Trans unsaturated fatty acids (TFAs) are known by-products of fatty acid transformations by anaerobic ruminal microflora.
  • Recent findings indicate TFAs are also present in membrane lipids of various aerobic bacteria, including pollutant-degrading species like Pseudomonas putida.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the de novo synthesis and characteristics of trans fatty acids in aerobic bacteria.
  • To understand the mechanism and implications of TFA synthesis in aerobic bacterial membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of membrane lipid composition in aerobic bacteria.
  • Investigation of fatty acid isomerization pathways in cytoplasmic membranes.

Main Results:

  • Aerobic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas putida, can synthesize trans fatty acids de novo.
  • Unlike rumen bacteria, aerobic bacteria synthesize TFAs through direct isomerization of cis fatty acids without positional shifts.
  • This isomerization occurs in the cytoplasmic membrane and alters membrane fluidity.

Conclusions:

  • The direct isomerization of cis to trans fatty acids in aerobic bacteria serves as a mechanism to modulate membrane fluidity.
  • This adaptation is crucial for bacterial survival and function, especially under environmental stress like high concentrations of toxic substances, where it influences membrane properties when lipid synthesis is inhibited.

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